Acute viral gastroenteritis pdf

Acute viral gastroenteritis is a stomach illness of sudden onset that lasts for one or more days. In the united states, acute gastroenteritis accounts for 1. Rotavirus is the worlds most common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. Acute gastroenteritis is an extremely common illness among infants and children worldwide. Untreated severe dehydration can cause serious health problems such as organ damage, shock, or comaa sleeplike state in which a person is not conscious. Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of intestines and stomach which presents with vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Viral gastroenteritis occurs in people of all ages. Norovirus is present in the stool or vomit of infected persons. Your doctor will likely diagnose gastroenteritis based on symptoms, a physical exam and sometimes on the presence of similar cases in your community. The most common etiology is viral gastroenteritis, a selflimited disease. Worldwide, acute gastroenteritis andits associated dehydration afflicts almost500 million children annually. Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation or swelling in the lining of the stomach. These agents cause mucosal invasion, cytotoxin production, enterotoxin production, andor diarrhea by adherence.

Gastroenteritis in children american family physician. It could be persistent, acute, or chronic, and can also be classified as infectious or noninfectious. Gastroenteritis flu can be caused by many different kinds of viruses. Acute gastroenteritis is an infectious disease of the alimentary tract that may be caused by one or more bacterial, viral, or protozoal pathogens producing damage, either structural or functional. Acute viral gastroenteritis is a common cause of illness resulting in visits. Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small and large intestines. Pdf acute gastroenteritis in children researchgate. When studying the pathophysiology of acute gastroenteritis, it is often determined that infectious agents are often the cause. According to the centers for disease control and prevention cdc, acute diarrhea among children in the united states accounts for more than 1. Vomiting is more suggestive of viral illness or illness caused by ingestion of a preformed bacterial toxin. These mechanisms lead to decreased absorption andor increased fluid secretion.

People get viral gastroenteritis from other people. Symptoms more suggestive of invasive bacterial inflamma tory diarrhea include fever, tenesmus, and grossly bloody stool. Despite improvement in management, the mortality can reach up to 17,000. A rapid stool test can detect rotavirus or norovirus, but there are no quick tests for other viruses that cause gastroenteritis. Acquisition may be foodborne, waterborne, or via persontoperson spread. Most cases are infectious, although gastroenteritis may occur after ingestion of drugs and chemical toxins eg, metals, plant substances. Acute diarrhea in adults is a common problem encountered by family physicians. Acute viral gastroenteritis is a common cause of illness resulting in visits to the emergency department and outpatient clinics in the united states. Viral gastroenteritis stomach flu symptoms and causes.

Recognize the role of vomiting in the clinical presentation of acute gastroenteritis. Viral gastroenteritis in children stony brook school of medicine. In fact, it is known that acute viral gastroenteritis may cause elevation of ast and alt level 5 and are associated with weight loss and growth retardation 6. Gastroenteritis merck manuals professional edition. Acute gastroenteritis american academy of pediatrics. Viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection marked by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever. Keywords viral gastroenteritis, rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus, vaccine. Acute gastroenteritis is defined as a diarrheal disease of rapid onset, with or without nausea, vomiting, fever, or abdominal pain.